Up-Date on Diabetic Nephropathy.
Maria Chiara PelleMichele ProvenzanoMarco BusuttiClara Valentina PorcuIsabella ZaffinaLucia StangaFranco ArturiPublished in: Life (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Diabetes is one of the leading causes of kidney disease. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) worldwide, and it is linked to an increase in cardiovascular (CV) risk. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) increases morbidity and mortality among people living with diabetes. Risk factors for DN are chronic hyperglycemia and high blood pressure; the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade improves glomerular function and CV risk in these patients. Recently, new antidiabetic drugs, including sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, have demonstrated additional contribution in delaying the progression of kidney disease and enhancing CV outcomes. The therapeutic goal is regression of albuminuria, but an atypical form of non-proteinuric diabetic nephropathy (NP-DN) is also described. In this review, we provide a state-of-the-art evaluation of current treatment strategies and promising emerging treatments.
Keyphrases
- diabetic nephropathy
- type diabetes
- blood pressure
- cardiovascular disease
- end stage renal disease
- glycemic control
- ejection fraction
- angiotensin ii
- chronic kidney disease
- angiotensin converting enzyme
- prognostic factors
- peritoneal dialysis
- patient reported outcomes
- insulin resistance
- protein protein
- weight loss
- skeletal muscle
- wound healing
- binding protein
- patient reported