Gateway or common liability? A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of adolescent e-cigarette use and future smoking initiation.
Gary Chung Kai ChanDaniel StjepanovićCarmen C W LimTianze Sun BPsycAathavan Shanmuga AnandanJason P ConnorCoral E GartnerWayne Denis HallJanni K Y LeungPublished in: Addiction (Abingdon, England) (2020)
There is a longitudinal association between adolescent vaping and smoking initiation; however, the evidence is limited by publication bias, high sample attrition and inadequate adjustment for potential confounders.