Effects of Compound Mycotoxin Detoxifier on Alleviating Aflatoxin B₁-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Intestine, Liver and Kidney of Broilers.

In order to alleviate the toxic effects of aflatoxins B₁ (AFB₁) on inflammatory responses in the intestine, liver, and kidney of broilers, the aflatoxin B₁-degrading enzyme, montmorillonite, and compound probiotics were selected and combined to make a triple-action compound mycotoxin detoxifier (CMD). The feeding experiment was divided into two stages. In the early feeding stage (1-21 day), a total of 200 one-day-old Ross broilers were randomly divided into four groups; in the later feeding stage (22-42 day), 160 broilers aged at 22 days were assigned to four groups: Group A: basal diet (4.31 μg/kg AFB₁); Group B: basal diet with 40 μg/kg AFB₁; Group C: Group A plus 1.5 g/kg CMD; Group D: Group B plus 1.5 g/kg CMD. After the feeding experiment, the intestine, liver, and kidney tissues of the broilers were selected to investigate the molecular mechanism for CMD to alleviate the tissue damages. Analyses of mRNA abundances and western blotting (WB) of inflammatory factors, as well as immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of intestine, liver, and kidney tissues showed that AFB₁ aggravated the inflammatory responses through NF-κB and TN-α signaling pathways via TLR pattern receptors, while the addition of CMD significantly inhibited the inflammatory responses. Phylogenetic investigation showed that AFB₁ significantly increased interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK-1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activities (<i>p</i> &amp;lt; 0.05), which were restored to normal levels by CMD addition, indicating that CMD could alleviate cell inflammatory damages induced by AFB₁.