Rapid Activation of Neuroinflammation in Stroke: Plasma and Extracellular Vesicles Obtained on a Mobile Stroke Unit.

The neuroinflammatory cascade was found to be activated within 36 to 133 minutes after stroke and progresses rapidly. This is earlier than observed previously in humans and suggests injury from neuroinflammation occurs faster than had been surmised. These findings could inform development of acute immunomodulatory stroke therapies and lead to new diagnostic tools and improved outcomes.