First-Principles Study of the Effect of Ni-Doped on the Spinel-Type Mn-Based Cathode Discharge.

Spinel-type manganese oxide is considered as a typical cobalt-free high-voltage cathode material for lithium-ion battery applications because of its low cost, non-toxicity, and easy preparation. Nevertheless, severe capacity fading during charge and discharge limits its commercialization. Therefore, understanding the electrochemical properties and its modification mechanism of spinel-type manganese oxide for a lithium-ion battery is of great research interest. Herein, we presented a theoretical study regarding the discharge process of LiMn 2 O 4 and LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. We found that the discharge process is accompanied by an increase in unit cell volume and lattice distortion. Moreover, 25% Ni-substitution increases the average calculated voltage of LiMn 2 O 4 from 3.83 to 4.61 V, which is very close to the experimental value. The electronic structure is further discussed to understand the mechanism of voltage increase. In addition, the Ni element also reduces the Li-ion diffusion barrier by 0.06 eV, which helps to improve the intrinsic rate performance of LiMn 2 O 4 . Our research can provide insight into how Ni-substitution influences the voltage and diffusion barrier of LiMn 2 O 4 and pave the way for other spinel-type manganese oxide electrode applications.