Two-stage exchange for PJI with co-existing cerclages for fracture: higher rates of early re-infections and difficult to treat microbes.

PJI with co-existing cerclages for fractures were associated with multi-resistant microbes, relapse by the same microbe and early-onset re-infections. Cerclages might be considered a potential source of re-infection during a two-stage exchange. However, statistical weaknesses and a small study group must be considered limitations of the study.