Effect of 3-Hydroxyvalerate Content on Thermal, Mechanical, and Rheological Properties of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Biopolymers Produced from Fermented Dairy Manure.

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) with various 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) contents biosynthesized by mixed microbial consortia (MMC) fed fermented dairy manure at the large-scale level was assessed over a 3-month period. The thermal, mechanical, and rheological behavior and the chemical structure of the extracted PHBV biopolymers were studied. The recovery of crude PHBV extracted in a large Soxhlet extractor with CHCl 3 for 24 h ranged between 20.6% to 31.8% and purified to yield between 8.9% to 26.9% all based on original biomass. 13 C-NMR spectroscopy revealed that the extracted PHBVs have a random distribution of 3HV and 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) units and with 3HV content between 16% and 24%. The glass transition temperature ( T g ) of the extracted PHBVs varied between -0.7 and -7.4 °C. Some of the extracted PHBVs showed two melting temperatures ( T m ) which the lower T m 1 ranged between 126.1 °C and 159.7 °C and the higher T m 2 varied between 152.1 °C and 170.1 °C. The weight average molar mass of extracted PHBVs was wide ranging from 6.49 × 10 5 g·mol -1 to 28.0 × 10 5 g·mol -1 . The flexural and tensile properties were also determined. The extracted polymers showed a reverse relationship between the 3HV content and Young's modulus, tensile strength, flexural modulus, and flexural strength properties.