Children with chronic nausea and orthostatic intolerance have unique brain network organization: A case-control trial.

Children with chronic nausea and orthostatic intolerance have altered connectivity in the default mode network and salience network/insula, which supports over-monitoring of their body and altered processing of bodily states resulting in interoceptive hyper self-awareness. The connectivity of the salience network would not support optimal regulation of appropriate attention to internal and external stimuli, and the hyper-connected default mode network may result in a persistent self-referential state with feelings of emotion, pain, and anxiety.