Mapping the Binding Interface of VEGF and a Monoclonal Antibody Fab-1 Fragment with Fast Photochemical Oxidation of Proteins (FPOP) and Mass Spectrometry.
Ying ZhangAaron T WeckslerPatricia MolinaGalahad DeperaltaMichael L GrossPublished in: Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry (2017)
We previously analyzed the Fab-1:VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) system described in this work, with both native top-down mass spectrometry and bottom-up mass spectrometry (carboxyl-group or GEE footprinting) techniques. This work continues bottom-up mass spectrometry analysis using a fast photochemical oxidation of proteins (FPOP) platform to map the solution binding interface of VEGF and a fragment antigen binding region of an antibody (Fab-1). In this study, we use FPOP to compare the changes in solvent accessibility by quantitating the extent of oxidative modification in the unbound versus bound states. Determining the changes in solvent accessibility enables the inference of the protein binding sites (epitope and paratopes) and a comparison to the previously published Fab-1:VEGF crystal structure, adding to the top-down and bottom-up data. Using this method, we investigated peptide-level and residue-level changes in solvent accessibility between the unbound proteins and bound complex. Mapping these data onto the Fab-1:VEGF crystal structure enabled successful characterization of both the binding region and regions of remote conformation changes. These data, coupled with our previous higher order structure (HOS) studies, demonstrate the value of a comprehensive toolbox of methods for identifying the putative epitopes and paratopes for biotherapeutic antibodies. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
Keyphrases
- vascular endothelial growth factor
- crystal structure
- mass spectrometry
- high resolution
- liquid chromatography
- endothelial cells
- monoclonal antibody
- gas chromatography
- capillary electrophoresis
- electronic health record
- high performance liquid chromatography
- binding protein
- big data
- ionic liquid
- dna binding
- high density
- nitric oxide
- tandem mass spectrometry
- amino acid
- single cell
- high throughput
- small molecule
- atomic force microscopy
- simultaneous determination