Blood Biomarkers of Alcohol Use: A Scoping Review.

The available blood biomarkers considerably vary in the time period in which they detect alcohol use and the amount of alcohol they are sensitive to. While currently available biomarkers provide useful information, especially in combination with self-reported measures, future work is needed to identify more sensitive and specific blood biomarkers for different levels and patterns of alcohol use. Integration of such biomarkers into clinical practice and research will increase the accuracy and richness of the data and may guide more effective and targeted strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of excessive alcohol use.