The Association between Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Suvijak UntaaveesupPiyawat KantagowitNattawut LeelakanokPetcharpa ChansateWongsathorn EiumtrakulWalaiorn PratchyapruitChutintorn SriphrapradangPublished in: Journal of clinical medicine (2024)
Background/Objective : Lichen sclerosus is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects people of all ages and sexes. Evidence of cardiovascular risk factors in lichen sclerosus has been continuously reported; however, the definitive association remains inconclusive. This meta-analysis aimed to summarize the association between cardiovascular risk factors and lichen sclerosus. Methods : Electronic databases, including MEDLINE and EMBASE, were systematically searched from inception to May 2024 to identify the literature reporting the association between cardiovascular risk factors and lichen sclerosus. A random-effects model was used for the meta-analysis. Results : We included 16 eligible studies: nine case-control studies, six retrospective cohort studies, and one cross-sectional study. A total of 432,457 participants were included. Lichen sclerosus was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus with an odds ratio of 2.07 (95% CI: 1.21-3.52). Although not statistically significant, a trend of increasing risk in hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and metabolic syndrome was observed among lichen sclerosus patients, with odds ratios of 1.56 (95% CI: 0.90-2.70), 1.44 (95% CI: 0.94-2.23), 5.84 (95% CI: 0.37-92.27), and 1.36 (95% CI: 0.52-3.54), respectively. Conclusions : Lichen sclerosus was associated with diabetes mellitus and potentially correlated with hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Population-based prospective observational studies are required to further elucidate these findings and assess the impact of these associations.
Keyphrases
- cardiovascular risk factors
- metabolic syndrome
- case control
- systematic review
- cardiovascular disease
- insulin resistance
- uric acid
- blood pressure
- meta analyses
- weight loss
- emergency department
- oxidative stress
- radiation therapy
- body mass index
- skeletal muscle
- physical activity
- weight gain
- soft tissue
- artificial intelligence
- deep learning
- rectal cancer