Positive urine culture under indwelling urethral catheterization is a risk factor for febrile complications after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP).

FCs are relatively common among patients after HoLEP despite preoperative prophylactic antibiotic administration. Surgeons may need to consider performing screening of urine cultures prior to HoLEP, especially in patients with urethral catheterization, even if asymptomatic. If the culture is positive, prophylactic antibiotics should be tailored according to bacterial susceptibility.