One-Pot, Four-Component Reaction for the Design, Synthesis, and SAR Studies of Novel Pyridines for Insecticidal Bioefficacy Screening against Cowpea Aphid ( Aphis craccivora ).

In this paper, novel pyridines 2 - 8 were designed and synthesized via the one-pot, four-component reaction of 2-formylphenyl 4-tolylsulfonate with malononitrile, ammonium acetate, and phenols or 2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one or 6-aminopyrimidine-2,4(1 H ,3 H )-dione under microwave irradiation in an aqueous solution of water and ethanol (1:1 ratio). The structures of new pyridines 2 - 8 were elucidated by elemental and spectral analyses such as IR, 1 H NMR, and 13 CNMR. This application has many advantages, such as having easy workup, eco-friendliness, reaction time being short (6-13 min), high production (94-98%), inexpensiveness, and avoiding the use of harmful solvents. Moreover, all compounds have been investigated as insecticidal agents against cowpea aphid ( Aphis craccivora ) insects, and the toxicity effect was studied, followed by the structure-activity relationship. From the LC 50 values, it has been found that compounds 7 and 8 were excellent and promising insecticidal agents, with LC 50 values of 0.05 and 0.09 ppm against nymphs and 0.93 and 1.01 ppm against adults of cowpea aphid. Furthermore, the obtained results indicated that compounds 2-8 can be applied as insecticidal agents for the control of cowpea aphids and to protect agricultural crops from this destructive pest, which effects crop production and causes major economic damage.