Association of age, hormonal, and lifestyle factors with the Leydig cell biomarker INSL3 in aging men from the European Male Aging Study cohort.
Ravinder Anand-IvellKee HengKatie SevernLeen AntonioGyorgy BartfaiFelipe F CasanuevaIlpo T HuhtaniemiAleksander GiwercmanMario MaggiTerence W O'NeillMargus PunabGiulia RastrelliJolanta Slowikowska-HilczerJos TournoyDirk VanderschuerenFrederick C W WuRichard IvellPublished in: Andrology (2022)
Insulin-like peptide 3 is a constitutive biomarker of Leydig cell functional capacity and is a robust, reliably measurable peptide not subject to gonadotropin-dependent short-term regulation and within-individual variation in testosterone.