Circulating trimethylamine N-oxide in association with diet and cardiometabolic biomarkers: an international pooled analysis.
Jae Jeong YangXiao-Ou ShuDavid M HerringtonSteven C MooreKatie A MeyerJennifer OseCristina MenniNicholette D PalmerA Heather EliassenSei HaradaJoanna TzoulakiHuilian ZhuDemetrius AlbanesThomas J WangWei ZhengHui CaiCornelia M UlrichMarta Guasch-FerreIbrahim KaramanMyriam FornageQiuyin CaiCharles E MatthewsLynne E WagenknechtPaul ElliottRobert E GersztenDanxia YuPublished in: The American journal of clinical nutrition (2021)
In an international, consortium-based study, animal protein was consistently associated with increased circulating TMAO, whereas TMAO associations with fish, shellfish, eggs, and red meat varied among populations. The adverse associations of TMAO with certain cardiometabolic biomarkers, independent of renal function, warrant further investigation.