Disposition of [ 14 C]-polystyrene microplastics after oral administration to lactating sheep.

Microplastics have become a ubiquitous contaminant, but their fate in food animals is largely unknown. In this study, [ 14 C]-polystyrene microplastic (PS-MP) particles were orally dosed to lactating sheep to evaluate their absorption and disposition. Elimination of the [ 14 C]-PS-MP was predominately through faeces with faecal radioactivity peaking at 24 h post-dosing but continuing to be present throughout the entire 72 h study period. Only a small fraction (≤ 1%) of the dosed [ 14 C]-PS-MP was present in blood, milk, and urine. Pharmacokinetic analysis of blood plasma radioactivity, using non-compartment modeling, indicated rapid absorption (T 1/2 0.4 to 3 h) with slow elimination (T 1/2 37 to 48 h). Radioactivity in milk and urine had similar elimination patterns with radiocarbon activities peaking 24 h post-dosing with detectable elimination throughout the 72 h study period. No radioactivity was quantifiable in tissues at the 72 h withdrawal period.