Inflammatory and Immune Mechanisms for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in HIV.
Laura HmielSuyu ZhangLaventa M ObareMarcela Araujo de Oliveira SantanaCelestine N WanjallaBoghuma K TitanjiCorrilynn O HilemanShashwatee BagchiPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2024)
Atherosclerotic vascular disease disproportionately affects persons living with HIV (PLWH) compared to those without. The reasons for the excess risk include dysregulated immune response and inflammation related to HIV infection itself, comorbid conditions, and co-infections. Here, we review an updated understanding of immune and inflammatory pathways underlying atherosclerosis in PLWH, including effects of viral products, soluble mediators and chemokines, innate and adaptive immune cells, and important co-infections. We also present potential therapeutic targets which may reduce cardiovascular risk in PLWH.
Keyphrases
- immune response
- cardiovascular disease
- antiretroviral therapy
- oxidative stress
- hiv infected
- hiv positive
- human immunodeficiency virus
- sars cov
- hiv aids
- hiv testing
- dendritic cells
- toll like receptor
- type diabetes
- cardiovascular events
- cardiovascular risk factors
- human health
- risk assessment
- coronary artery disease
- climate change
- south africa