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Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1 Antibody Response Among Vaccinated US Adults: the C4R Study.

John Shinn KimYifei SunPallavi BalteAndrea N EdgintonRebekah BoyleRussell P TracyLinda M StyerTaison D BellMichaela R AndersonNorrina B AllenPamela J SchreinerRussell P BowlerDavid A SchwartzJoyce S LeeVanessa XanthakisMargaret F DoyleElizabeth A ReganBarry J MakeAlka M KanayaSally E WentzelJosef CoreshCarmen R IsasiLaura M RaffieldMitchell S V ElkindVirginia J HowardVictor E OrtegaPrescott WoodruffShelley A ColeJoel M HendersonNicholas J MantisMonica M ParkerRyan T DemmerElizabeth C Oelsner
Published in: Nature communications (2024)
This study investigates correlates of anti-S1 antibody response following COVID-19 vaccination in a U.S. population-based meta-cohort of adults participating in longstanding NIH-funded cohort studies. Anti-S1 antibodies were measured from dried blood spots collected between February 2021-August 2022 using Luminex-based microsphere immunoassays. Of 6245 participants, mean age was 73 years (range, 21-100), 58% were female, and 76% were non-Hispanic White. Nearly 52% of participants received the BNT162b2 vaccine and 48% received the mRNA-1273 vaccine. Lower anti-S1 antibody levels are associated with age of 65 years or older, male sex, higher body mass index, smoking, diabetes, COPD and receipt of BNT16b2 vaccine (vs mRNA-1273). Participants with a prior infection, particularly those with a history of hospitalized illness, have higher anti-S1 antibody levels. These results suggest that adults with certain socio-demographic and clinical characteristics may have less robust antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccination and could be prioritized for more frequent re-vaccination.
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