The influence of estrogen on myocardial post-translational modifications and cardiac function in women.
Samantha K ShorthillTimothy L M JonesKathleen C WoulfeBrian D CherringtonDanielle R BrunsPublished in: Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology (2024)
The lifetime risk of heart failure (HF) is comparable in men and women; nevertheless, disparities exist in our understanding of how HF differs between sexes. Several differences in cardiac physiology exist between men and women including the propensity to develop specific HF phenotypes. Men are more likely to be diagnosed with HF failure with reduced ejection fraction, while women have a greater propensity to develop HF with preserved ejection fraction. The mechanisms responsible for these differences remain unclear. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of myofilament proteins likely contribute to these sex-specific propensities. The role of PTMs in heart disease is an expanding field with immense potential therapeutic targets. However, numerous PTMs remain underexplored, particularly in the context of the female heart. Estrogen, a key gonadal hormone, cardioprotective in pre-menopausal women and its loss with menopause likely contributes to disease in aging women. However, how estrogen regulates PTMs to contribute to HF development is not fully clear. This review outlines key sex differences in HF along with characterizing the contributions of novel myocardial PTMs in cardiac physiology and their regulation by estrogen. Collectively, we highlight the necessity for further investigation into women's heart health and the distinctive mechanisms distinguishing women from men.
Keyphrases
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- heart failure
- acute heart failure
- left ventricular
- pregnancy outcomes
- ejection fraction
- estrogen receptor
- breast cancer risk
- type diabetes
- atrial fibrillation
- postmenopausal women
- metabolic syndrome
- mental health
- health insurance
- climate change
- risk assessment
- human health
- middle aged
- cardiac resynchronization therapy
- health promotion