Hydrogen sulfide and metal interaction: the pathophysiological implications.

Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), previously recognized as a toxic gas, has emerged as an important gaseous signaling molecule along with nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and also hydrogen. H 2 S can be endogenously produced in the mammalian body at a very low level for various pathophysiological processes. Notably, H 2 S can interact with several essential metals in the body such as iron, copper, nickel, and zinc to carry out specific functions. The interactions of H 2 S with metal-binding proteins have been shown to aid in its signal transduction and cellular metabolism. In addition, H 2 S is capable of providing a cytoprotective role against metal toxicity. As the research in the field of H 2 S signaling in biology and medicine increases, much progresses have been developed for detecting H 2 S via interaction with metals. In this review, the interaction of H 2 S with metals, specifically in regard to metal-driven metabolism of H 2 S, the protection against metal toxicity by H 2 S and the detection of H 2 S using metals will be discussed. Discovering the interactions of this gasotransmitter with metals is important for determining the mechanisms underlying the cellular functions of H 2 S as well as developing novel therapeutic avenues.