Bruceine D inhibits the growth of Spodoptera litura by inducing cell apoptosis in the midgut via an oxidative burst.

Overall, our findings suggested that bruceine D induced excessive ROS accumulation in midgut epithelial cells. The resulting cell apoptosis disrupted midgut tissue, leading ultimately to reduced nutrient digestion and absorption in the midgut and the inhibition of larval growth. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.