Measuring "pain load" during general anesthesia.
Stephen GreenKeerthana Deepti KarunakaranDelany BerryBarry David KussmanLyle MicheliDavid BorsookPublished in: Cerebral cortex communications (2022)
Our results show that standardizing and observing concentrations over 25 s using the ±0.3 mM threshold can be an arbiter of the continuous number of incisions performed on a patient, contributing to a potential intraoperative pain load index that correlates with post-operative levels of pain and potential pain chronification.