Trends in the Surgical Management of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome.

Patient characteristics and dispositions are similar between the various TOS operative approaches. All major surgical treatments for TOS have low complication rates. Transthoracic first rib resection performed by vascular surgeons remains the most common surgical treatment for patients with TOS in the United States. Despite neurogenic symptoms representing most cases, less than 10% of operations are performed by peripheral nerve specialists, highlighting a potential need for greater incorporation of TOS release into peripheral nerve practices.