Germination, viability and dormancy of 47 species from threatened tropical montane grassland in southeast Brazil: Implications for ex situ conservation.

To mitigate anthropogenic impacts on plant diversity in tropical montane grasslands, one of the most threatened ecosystems in Brazil, it will be essential to develop ex situ conservation strategies to preserve wild species. The lack of basic research on the seed storage behaviour of grassland species may, however, limit their use for reintroduction and restoration projects. We investigated seed storage behaviour at the community level by comparing the effects of cold-low RH (10 °C; 10% RH) and freezing-low RH (20 °C; 10% RH) conditions on seed viability, germination and dormancy of 47 species. Fresh seeds of 43% of the species showed primary dormancy. More than half of the species showed high seed survival responses (viability >60%) under both storage temperatures. Despite a variety of dormancy responses among the different species, the low RH storage conditions tested released dormancy for most species during 12- and 30-month storage times. Multivariate analysis of the best (freezing-low RH, 30 months) storage condition evidenced the formation of five distinct groups, three with species having high conservation potential in seed banks. Although further studies are needed to test dormancy-breaking treatments and improve seed conservation practices, this first approach to assessing seed banking techniques could contribute to demand for locally adapted seeds for ecological restoration projects in tropical montane grasslands.