Thymic rebound hyperplasia post-chemotherapy mistaken as disease progression in a patient with lymphoma involving mediastinum: a case report and reflection.

The anterior mediastinal mass appearing after chemotherapy in patients with lymphoma can be considered as enlarged thymus, and such phenomenon is frequent in young adult patients who undergo chemotherapy or autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Additionally, detection of thymic output cells in peripheral blood might be a feasible approach to differentiate thymic hyperplasia from lymphoma.