Immunomodulatory treatment for mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT lymphoma).
Barbara KiesewetterMarkus RadererPublished in: Hematological oncology (2020)
The pathogenesis of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma has been characterized as a dynamic process driven by lymphoma cell dependency on T-cell signaling, chronic antigenic stimulation of marginal zone B-cells and activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway. This concept is underlined by the strong causal connection of chronic Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis and MALT lymphoma development based on perpetual auto-antigenic stimulation of Helicobacter pylori-specific T-cells, but also its association with further potential infectious triggers and autoimmune disorders for extragastric lymphoma sites. Thus, given the dependency of MALT lymphoma cells on the tumor microenvironment, this specific entity appears highly suitable for immunomodulatory treatment strategies. Several approaches have been assessed in the last years including promising data on immunomodulatory agents "IMiDs" thalidomide and lenalidomide, macrolide antibiotics and antibodies. The aim of the present review is to discuss rationales for immunomodulatory therapies in MALT lymphoma and to present the statu quo on immunomodulatory and therefore chemotherapy-free treatment strategies for these patients.
Keyphrases
- helicobacter pylori
- diffuse large b cell lymphoma
- nuclear factor
- helicobacter pylori infection
- signaling pathway
- machine learning
- toll like receptor
- multiple sclerosis
- newly diagnosed
- squamous cell carcinoma
- ejection fraction
- single cell
- induced apoptosis
- cell proliferation
- radiation therapy
- low dose
- cell death
- bone marrow
- high dose
- drug induced
- rectal cancer
- deep learning
- multiple myeloma
- cell cycle arrest
- smoking cessation
- endoplasmic reticulum stress