Asthma and fixed airflow obstruction: Long-term trajectories suggest distinct endotypes.
Benjamin M SmithNan ZhaoRonald OlivensteinCatherine LemièreQutayba HamidJames G MartinPublished in: Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2020)
In moderate-to-severe asthma, long-term FAO is characterized by neutrophilic sputum inflammation and airway remodelling, but FEV1 decline is similar to those without FAO. Long-term incident FAO is preceded by higher exacerbation frequency, higher sputum eosinophil content and significant FEV1 decline.