Metabolomics and molecular docking analysis of antibiotic exposure in Bifidobacterium adolescentis.

B. adolescentis is a probiotic. This research aimed to investigate the mechanism of antibiotics led to decrease in the number of B. adolescentis. The metabolomics approach was employed to explore the effects of amoxicillin on metabolism of B.adolescentis, while MTT assay and scanning electron microscopy were applied to analyze changes in viability and morphology of bacteria. Molecular docking was used to illuminate the mechanism by which amoxicillin acts on a complex molecular network. The results showed that increasing the concentration of amoxicillin led to a gradual decrease in the number of live bacteria. Untargeted metabolomics analysis identified eleven metabolites that change as a result of amoxicillin exposure. Many of these metabolites are involved in arginine and proline metabolism, glutathione metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and tyrosine and phenylalanine metabolism. Molecular docking revealed that amoxicillin had a good binding effect on the proteins AGR1, ODC1, GPX1, GSH, MAT2A and CBS. Overall, this research provides potential targets for screening probiotic regulatory factors and lays a theoretical foundation for the elucidation of its mechanisms.