Characterization of four heat-treated reciprocating instruments: Design, metallurgy, mechanical performance, and irrigation flow patterns.
Jorge N R MartinsEmmanuel João Nogueira Leal da SilvaDuarte MarquesRicardo PintoHelena FranciscoNatasha AjuzMário Rito PereiraFrancisco Manuel Braz FernandesMarco Aurélio VersianiPublished in: International endodontic journal (2023)
Despite observing variations in the design, phase transformation temperatures, and in the torsional and bending test outcomes among the four heat-treated reciprocating instruments, no significant differences were found in the irrigation flow pattern among the different groups in the simulated root canal preparations.