Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Conditions Followed by Solid Phase Extraction Fractionation from Orthosiphon stamineus Benth (Lamiace) Leaves for Antiproliferative Effect on Prostate Cancer Cells.
Siti Hasyimah SuhaimiRosnani HashamMohamad Khairul Hafiz IdrisHassan Fahmi IsmailNor Hazwani Mohd AriffinFadzilah Adibah Abd MajidPublished in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2019)
Primarily, optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of Orthospihon stamineus was evaluated and verified using a central composite design (CCD) based on three factors including extraction time (minutes), ultrasound amplitude (A), and solvent concentration (%). The response surface methodology (RSM) was performed to develop an extraction method with maximum yield and high rosmarinic acid content. The optimal UAE conditions were as follows: extraction time 21 min, ultrasound amplitudes 62 A, and solvent composition 70% ethanol in water. The crude extract was further fractionated using solid-phase extraction (SPE), where six sequential fractions that varied in polarity (0-100% Acetonitrile in water) were obtained. Next, the six fractions were evaluated for their antioxidant and anti-cancer properties. This study found that Fraction 2 (F2) contained the highest rosmarinic acid content and showed the strongest antioxidant activity. Additionally, F2 showed an anti-proliferative effect against prostate cancer (DU145) with no harmful effect on normal cells.
Keyphrases
- solid phase extraction
- prostate cancer
- liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
- high performance liquid chromatography
- molecularly imprinted
- gas chromatography mass spectrometry
- magnetic resonance imaging
- simultaneous determination
- oxidative stress
- liquid chromatography
- tandem mass spectrometry
- ms ms
- ionic liquid
- anti inflammatory
- mass spectrometry
- small cell lung cancer
- cell proliferation
- functional connectivity
- resting state
- contrast enhanced ultrasound
- cell cycle arrest