Oleanolic Acid: Extraction, Characterization and Biological Activity.
José María CastellanoSara Ramos-RomeroJavier S PeronaPublished in: Nutrients (2022)
Oleanolic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid ubiquitously present in the plant kingdom, is receiving outstanding attention from the scientific community due to its biological activity against multiple diseases. Oleanolic acid is endowed with a wide range of biological activities with therapeutic potential by means of complex and multifactorial mechanisms. There is evidence suggesting that oleanolic acid might be effective against dyslipidemia, diabetes and metabolic syndrome, through enhancing insulin response, preserving the functionality and survival of β-cells and protecting against diabetes complications. In addition, several other functions have been proposed, including antiviral, anti-HIV, antibacterial, antifungal, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerotic activities, as well as interfering in several stages of the development of different types of cancer; however, due to its hydrophobic nature, oleanolic acid is almost insoluble in water, which has led to a number of approaches to enhance its biopharmaceutical properties. In this scenario, the present review aimed to summarize the current knowledge and the research progress made in the last years on the extraction and characterization of oleanolic acid and its biological activities and the underlying mechanisms of action.
Keyphrases
- type diabetes
- metabolic syndrome
- cardiovascular disease
- healthcare
- anti inflammatory
- mental health
- glycemic control
- working memory
- human immunodeficiency virus
- hiv infected
- antiretroviral therapy
- hiv positive
- skeletal muscle
- adipose tissue
- induced apoptosis
- ionic liquid
- cell cycle arrest
- hiv testing
- lymph node metastasis