Tobacco Retail Outlets, Neighborhood Deprivation and the Risk of Prenatal Smoke Exposure.
David C WheelerJoseph BoyleD Jeremy BarsellRachel L MaguireJunfeng Jim ZhangJason A OliverShaun JonesBassam DahmanSusan K MurphyCatherine HoyoChris D BaggettJoseph McClernonBernard F FuemmelerPublished in: Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (2022)
In this study, we found several significant associations that suggest a more nuanced understanding of the potential influence of environmental- and individual-level factors for levels of prenatal smoke exposure. Results suggested a significant positive association between TRO exposure and cotinine levels, after adjusting for the individual factors such as race, education, and marital status. Individually, NDI was similarly positively associated with cotinine levels as well. However, when combining TRO exposure alongside NDI in the same model, TROs were no longer significantly associated with overall cotinine levels.