The Role of Passive Descent and Epidural Analgesia in Outcomes Associated With Prolonged Pushing Among Nulliparous Individuals in Midwifery Care.
Elise N EricksonSally Rollow HershMariah R WhartonMarit L BovbjergEllen L TildenPublished in: Journal of midwifery & women's health (2024)
Prolonged pushing occurred in nearly 2 of 10 nulliparous labors. Fetal malposition, epidural analgesia, and prolonged pushing were commonly observed with longer passive descent, cesarean, and OASI. Passive descent in these data likely reflects individualized midwifery care strategies when pushing was complicated by fetal malposition or other complexities.