Evaluating the Predictive Value of Diagnostic Testicular Biopsy for Sperm Retrieval Outcomes in Men with Non-Obstructive Azoospermia.

The findings question the necessity of an initial DTB, which might provide misleading results. A negative DTB should not deter further TTB or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) attempts. The study emphasizes the need for further research to refine diagnostic approaches and deepen the understanding of factors influencing sperm retrieval in NOA patients, ultimately enhancing their prospects of biological parenthood.