Additional burden of iron deficiency in heart failure patients beyond the cardio-renal anaemia syndrome: findings from the BIOSTAT-CHF study.
Ridha I S AlnuwaysirNiels Grote BeverborgMartijn F HoesGeorge Markousis-MavrogenisKarla F Arevalo GomezHaye H van der WalJohn G F ClelandKenneth DicksteinChim C LangLeong L NgPiotr PonikowskiStefan D AnkerDirk J van VeldhuisenAdriaan A VoorsPeter van der MeerPublished in: European journal of heart failure (2021)
Iron deficiency, CKD and/or anaemia in patients with HF have great overlap in biomarker profiles, suggesting common pathways associated with these syndromes. ID either alone or on top of CKD and anaemia is associated with worse quality of life, exercise capacity and prognosis of patients with worsening HF.