Glycolytic Activation of CD14+ Intestinal Macrophages Contributes to the Inflammatory Responses via Exosomal Membrane Tumor Necrosis Factor in Crohn's Disease.

CD14+ Mφ take part in CD pathogenesis by inducing glycolytic activation via membrane TNF-mediated exosomal autocrine and paracrine signaling. These results provide novel insights into pathogenesis of CD and enhance understanding of the mechanisms of anti-TNF agents.