Patient-Derived Microphysiological Systems for Precision Medicine.

Patient-derived microphysiological systems (P-MPSs) have emerged as powerful tools in precision medicine that provide valuable insight into individual patient characteristics. This review discusses the development of P-MPS as an integration of patient-derived samples, including patient-derived cells, organoids, and induced pluripotent stem cells, into well-defined microphysiological systems. Emphasizing the necessity of P-MPS development, we highlighted its significance as a nonclinical assessment approach that bridges the gap between traditional in vitro models and clinical outcomes. Additionally, we provide guidance for engineering approaches to develop microfluidic devices and high-content analysis for P-MPSs, enabling high biological relevance and high-throughput experimentation. The practical implications of the P-MPS were further examined by exploring the clinically relevant outcomes obtained from various types of patient-derived samples. The construction and analysis of these diverse samples within the P-MPS have resulted in physiologically relevant data, paving the way for the development of personalized treatment strategies. This study describes the significance of the P-MPS in precision medicine as well as its unique capacity to offer valuable insights into individual patient characteristics. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.