Photodynamic immunotherapy using ADU-S100-modified nanoparticles to treat triple-negative breast cancer.

Aim: STING agonists in immunotherapy show great promise and are currently in clinical trials. Combinations of STING agonists with other therapies remain underexplored. This study aimed to combine STING agonist-mediated immunotherapy with photodynamic therapy to treat breast cancer. Methods: STING agonist (ADU-S100)-functionalized porphyrin-based nanoparticles (NP-AS) were prepared and their antitumor properties in terms of cell apoptosis/necrosis and immune activation in triple-negative breast cancer were evaluated. Results: NP-AS induced tumor cell apoptosis/necrosis, activated the innate immune response and exhibited useful antitumor effects. Conclusion: NP-AS effectively treated breast cancer.