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Botulinum toxin-induced blepharoptosis: Anatomy, etiology, prevention, and therapeutic options.

Ada Trindade de AlmeidaHaowei HanAnita GadeDaniel FischerYves SabanRoberto Polselli
Published in: Journal of cosmetic dermatology (2021)
Providers should understand the anatomy and be aware of the causes and treatment for blepharoptosis when injecting BoNT-A for the reduction of facial wrinkles. Thorough anatomic knowledge of the supraorbital area and orbital roof is paramount to preventing incorrect injection into "danger zones," which increase the risk of eyelid ptosis.
Keyphrases
  • botulinum toxin
  • healthcare
  • diabetic rats
  • ultrasound guided
  • combination therapy
  • replacement therapy
  • stress induced