Abnormalities in pulmonary function and volumes in patients with CHD: a systematic review.

Julia HockLaura WillingerRobert Dalla PozzaPeter EwertAlfred Hager

Published in: Cardiology in the young (2023)

Many CHD patients have a reduced forced vital capacity independent of their underlying defect. Spirometry should not only follow a standardised measure according to ATS (update 2019) but also stick to the 2012 GLI reference values.

Keyphrases

end stage renal disease
ejection fraction
newly diagnosed
patient reported outcomes
air pollution