Physician leadership during the current crisis in healthcare: A perspective drawn from anthropological and clinical leadership research.

Clinical and anthropological research provides strong grounds for investing in clinical leadership. The stability of 'prestige-based' leadership can be contrasted with the outcomes of 'dominance-based' leadership that relies on force, control, and threats. Dominance-based leadership increases the risks of bullying in stressed healthcare organisations. In contrast, expert clinical leaders can exert culturally mediated effects on social learning, team cooperation and morale, and patient outcomes.