Characterization of the Difficult Peripheral IV in the Perioperative Setting: A Prospective, Observational Study of Intravenous Access for Pediatric Patients Undergoing Anesthesia.

We found that approximately 9% of patients required three or more attempts at IV placement in the operating room. Patients that required multiple PIV attempts were more likely to be younger, have a higher ASA classification or a history of difficult PIV placement.