Management of a fusiform brachial artery aneurysm associated with birth trauma.

Brachial artery aneurysms in children are rare. Surgical treatment is generally recommended.We present the case of a female toddler with a pulsatile swelling on the medial aspect of the right upper arm without history of recent trauma. Medical history revealed a traumatic birth with labour arrest. Postnatally diffuse trunk and arm haematomas as well as a temporary right arm discolouration were detected. Preoperative ultrasound revealed a true brachial artery aneurysm. A full-body MRI ruled out any accompanying lesions. Primary resection and end-to-end anastomosis were performed. Recovery was uneventful. 6-month and 12-month follow-up showed normal motor function and arterial patency; ultrasound also demonstrated harmonious growth of the anastomosed vessel segments.No other publication has associated birth trauma with brachial artery aneurysm yet. Correct diagnosis and prompt curative surgery are key to prevent severe complications. Further reports and data on long-term outcome are needed to optimise clinical management.