Elimination of glycopeptide antibiotics by cytokine hemoadsorption in patients with septic shock: A study of three cases.

Sepsis and septic shock are characterized by a release of cytokines into the circulation. These mediators contribute to the detrimental hemodynamic and metabolic effects in the early phase of septic shock. Recently, a new polystyrene-based hemoadsorption device was introduced into clinical practice (CytoSorb®). The adsorber binds a variety of molecules including cytokines and removes them from the circulation. Studies in septic patients have shown an improved clinical course following hemoadsorption but no increased survival. We hypothesize that not only cytokines but also antibiotics may be removed which potentially may negate any beneficial effect of the adsorber. To test this hypothesis, we performed polystyrene-based hemoadsorption in three patients in septic shock and analysed glycopeptide elimination by measuring serum levels pre- and post-adsorber. We administered both teicoplanin and vancomycin via a 60-min infusion and vancomycin via continuous infusion, additionally. When applied as 60 min infusion, vancomycin and teicoplanin were removed immediately by the adsorber. However, the adsorptive capacity of the device was saturable. Serum levels of vancomycin, but not teicoplanin, decreased to subtherapeutic levels. With continuous infusion of vancomycin, removal was less and serum levels remained in the therapeutic range. In conclusion, we show effective glycopeptide adsorption using a polystyrene-based hemoadsorber in septic patients. The dose of these antibiotics should be adjusted appropriately and early therapeutic drug monitoring is highly recommended.