Impact of COPD stage on self management with COPD patients: The mediating role of symptoms management.

Published in: Journal of clinical nursing (2024)

Patients' COPD stage was determined by a pulmonologist involved in the study. Voluntary patients with COPD hospitalised in the pulmonology clinic were included in the study.

Keyphrases

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
end stage renal disease
chronic kidney disease
ejection fraction
newly diagnosed
lung function
peritoneal dialysis
patient reported outcomes
air pollution
patient reported