Full activation pattern mapping by simultaneous deep brain stimulation and fMRI with graphene fiber electrodes.
Siyuan ZhaoGen LiChuanjun TongWenjing ChenPuxin WangJiankun DaiXuefeng FuZheng XuXiaojun LiuLinlin LuZhifeng LiangXiaojie DuanPublished in: Nature communications (2020)
Simultaneous deep brain stimulation (DBS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) constitutes a powerful tool for elucidating brain functional connectivity, and exploring neuromodulatory mechanisms of DBS therapies. Previous DBS-fMRI studies could not provide full activation pattern maps due to poor MRI compatibility of the DBS electrodes, which caused obstruction of large brain areas on MRI scans. Here, we fabricate graphene fiber (GF) electrodes with high charge-injection-capacity and little-to-no MRI artifact at 9.4T. DBS-fMRI with GF electrodes at the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in Parkinsonian rats reveal robust blood-oxygenation-level-dependent responses along the basal ganglia-thalamocortical network in a frequency-dependent manner, with responses from some regions not previously detectable. This full map indicates that STN-DBS modulates both motor and non-motor pathways, possibly through orthodromic and antidromic signal propagation. With the capability for full, unbiased activation pattern mapping, DBS-fMRI using GF electrodes can provide important insights into DBS therapeutic mechanisms in various neurological disorders.
Keyphrases
- deep brain stimulation
- resting state
- functional connectivity
- parkinson disease
- magnetic resonance imaging
- obsessive compulsive disorder
- contrast enhanced
- carbon nanotubes
- reduced graphene oxide
- high resolution
- diffusion weighted imaging
- solid state
- high density
- gold nanoparticles
- gene expression
- single cell
- multiple sclerosis
- ultrasound guided
- blood brain barrier
- cerebral ischemia
- dna methylation
- brain injury
- room temperature