Evaluation of thin film fuel cells with Zr-rich BaZr x Ce 0.8- x Y 0.2 O 3- δ electrolytes ( x ≥ 0.4) fabricated by a single-step reactive sintering method.

This paper reports a survey of power generation characteristics of anode-supported thin film fuel cells with Zr-rich BaZr x Ce 0.8- x Y 0.2 O 3- δ ( x = 0.4, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8) proton-conducting electrolytes, which were fabricated by single step co-firing with Zn(NO 3 ) 2 additives at a relatively low temperature (1400 °C). The grain sizes significantly increased to several μm for x = 0.4 and 0.6, whereas the grain sizes remained in the sub-μm ranges for x = 0.7 and 0.8, which resulted in large gaps of the fuel cell performances at x over and below 0.6. The cells for x = 0.4 and 0.6 exhibited efficient power generation, yielding peak powers of 279 and 336 mW cm -2 at 600 °C, respectively, which were higher than those of the corresponding cells previously reported. However, the performances abruptly deteriorated with the increasing x to more than 0.7 because the electrolyte films were highly resistive due to the coarse-grained microstructures. Impedance spectroscopy for the dense sintered BaZr x Ce 0.8- x Y 0.2 O 3- δ discs confirmed that the total proton conductivity of BaZr 0.6 Ce 0.2 Y 0.2 O 3- δ was higher than that of BaZr 0.4 Ce 0.4 Y 0.2 O 3- δ at temperatures above 500 °C despite relatively small grain sizes. In addition, BaZr 0.6 Ce 0.2 Y 0.2 O 3- δ cells could gain a stable current throughout a continuous run for a few days under CO 2 -containing fuel supply, which was due to high fraction of thermodynamically stable BaZrO 3 matrices. It was demonstrated that BaZr 0.6 Ce 0.2 Y 0.2 O 3- δ is a promising electrolyte for proton-conducting ceramic fuel cells with excellent proton conductivity and CO 2 tolerance at intermediate temperatures.