The Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Effects of Hypericum perforatum Oil on Common Pathogens of Periodontitis: An In Vitro Study.

The antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects of Hypericum perforatum oil against the common pathogens of periodontitis ( Escherichia coli , Streptococcus mutans , Staphylococcus aureus , Enterococcus faecalis , Porphyromonas gingivalis ) was investigated. Disk diffusion (DD), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) approaches were applied to test the antimicrobial effects. In order to determine the anti-biofilm effects, the amount of bacterial biofilm formation was assessed using the microtiter plate technique. The anti-biofilm effects were then confirmed by determining the minimum biofilm inhibitor concentration (MBIC). The MIC, MBC, MBIC, and DD values were 64, 256, 512 μg/mL, and 14 mm for Staphylococcus aureus ; 128, 256, 512 μg/mL, and 16 mm for Streptococcus mutans ; 256, 512, 256 μg/mL, and 20 mm for Escherichia coli ; 32, 128, 512 µg/mL, and 16 mm for Enterococcus faecalis ; and 64, 128, 256 µg/mL, and 15 mm for Porphyromonas gingivalis , respectively. According to our results, Hypericum perforatum oil has antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties against the common bacteria associated with periodontitis.