A European pharmacotherapeutic agent roflumilast exploring integrated preclinical and clinical evidence for SARS CoV-2 mediated inflammation to organ damage.
Yogendra SinghNeeraj Kumar FuloriaShivkanya FuloriaVetriselvan SubramaniyanWaleed Hassan AlmalkiFahad A Al-AbbasiImran KazmiSobhit Singh RajputNirmal JoshiGaurav GuptaPublished in: British journal of clinical pharmacology (2022)
COVID-19 has spread globally, affecting almost 160 million individuals. Elderly and pre-existing patients (such as diabetes, heart disease and asthma) seem more susceptible to severe illness with COVID-19. Roflumilast was licensed for usage in the European Union in July 2010 as a phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor. Under preclinical studies, roflumilast has been shown to decrease bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, lung hydroxyproline and right heart thickening. The current study reviewed existing data that the PDE-4 inhibitor, a roflumilast, protects renal tissues and other major organ systems after COVID-19 infection by decreasing immune cell infiltration. These immune-balancing effects of roflumilast were related to a decrease in oxidative and inflammatory burden, caspase-3 suppression and increased protein kinase A (PKA)/cyclic A.M.P. (cAMP) levels in renal and other organ tissue.
Keyphrases
- sars cov
- oxidative stress
- coronavirus disease
- protein kinase
- end stage renal disease
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- ejection fraction
- diabetic rats
- newly diagnosed
- cardiovascular disease
- cell therapy
- chronic kidney disease
- gene expression
- heart failure
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- drug induced
- cell death
- prognostic factors
- early onset
- high glucose
- peritoneal dialysis
- atrial fibrillation
- endothelial cells
- lung function
- induced apoptosis
- patient reported outcomes
- signaling pathway
- middle aged
- patient reported
- endoplasmic reticulum stress