All-cause, cause-specific and age-specific standardised mortality ratios of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in Ontario, Canada over 43 years (1971-2013).

The all-cause and cause-specific SMR significantly decreased over time, likely reflecting the advances in the management of SLE and certain comorbidities. The all-cause and cause-specific SMR was particularly high for younger patients (<40 years old).